Wildlife Photography 101: Gear Up, Suit Up, and Capture the Wild

This has to be one of the funniest images I’ve ever used, created with AI as a header picture ! Sure, it’s wildly exaggerated, and the wild is clearly sitting where it absolutely shouldn’t—but it gets the point across. Be prepared: for what you plan to photograph and the situations you might find yourself in.

With that in mind, here’s a comprehensive set of tips for bird and wildlife photography. Whether it’s for yourself or to share with others, this guide covers essential gear (for all brands), clothing advice, and practical considerations. Let’s dive in!

1. Camera Gear Tips

• Camera and Lenses:
  • Reach matters: A telephoto lens is essential for wildlife. Start with at least 300mm; 400mm-600mm is better- 800mm is best – all Full Frame based, for micro 4:3 divide by two, and APS-C by one and a half, to calculate your focal length.
  • Fast Autofocus: A camera with reliable continuous autofocus (CAF) is crucial for tracking moving animals and birds.
  • High ISO Performance: Wildlife often means low light; cameras with good high-ISO capabilities are a plus.
  • Stabilization: Use cameras or lenses with image stabilization to reduce motion blur.
• Accessories:
  • Tripod/Monopod: A lightweight yet sturdy option helps stabilize long lenses, especially for extended sessions.
  • Bean Bags: Great for stabilizing your camera on uneven surfaces like rocks or windowsills in hides.
  • Teleconverters: Extend the focal length of your lens, though at the cost of aperture and sometimes autofocus speed.
• Extras:
  • Extra Batteries & Memory Cards: Wildlife sessions can be long, and running out of storage or power is frustrating.
  • Rain Protection: A rain cover for your camera and lens is essential in unpredictable weather.

2. Clothing & Personal Gear

• Camouflage or Neutral Colors: Blend in with the surroundings to avoid startling wildlife. Avoid bright colors and noisy fabrics.
• Comfortable Footwear: Waterproof hiking boots are a good investment for long treks and uneven terrain.
• Weather Protection: Dress in layers and carry waterproof gear. A hat, gloves, and sunblock are also essential for different conditions.
• Bug Repellent: Especially useful in forests or marshy areas where insects are abundant.
• Backpack: A well-padded camera backpack ensures comfort and safety for your gear during long walks.

3. Fieldcraft & Techniques

• Know Your Subject: Research the behavior, habitat, and habits of the species you want to photograph. It helps you predict movements and find them more easily.
• Stay Silent and Still: Patience and minimal movement help you get closer to animals without scaring them.
• Use Natural Cover: Hides, bushes, or trees can help you get close.
• Shoot Early or Late: The golden hours provide soft light and are also when animals are most active.

4. Ethical Considerations

• Respect Wildlife: Never disturb animals or their habitats for the sake of a photograph. Avoid nests or dens.
• Don’t Feed Wildlife: It can harm their natural instincts and diet.
• Be Aware of Local Regulations: Some parks or reserves have restrictions on access or drone usage.

5. Practical Tips

• Stay Light: Carry only the essentials; heavy gear can slow you down and tire you quickly.
• Be Ready: Animals move fast. Keep your camera on and settings ready (e.g., high shutter speed, continuous shooting mode).
• Practice Locally: Before heading to exotic locations, hone your skills in your backyard or local park.
• Weather Readiness: Be prepared for sudden changes in conditions and know how to protect both yourself and your gear.

6. Settings Cheat Sheet

• Shutter Speed: Start with at least 1/1000s for birds in flight or fast-moving animals.
• Aperture: Wide apertures (e.g., f/4 or f/5.6) help blur the background and isolate the subject.
• ISO: Keep it as low as possible but don’t be afraid to raise it if needed for proper exposure, use Auto Iso to have the lowest possible noise ratio at all times.
• Continuous Shooting: Use burst mode to capture the perfect moment during fast action.

Living in Belgium, I’m fortunate to reside in a small, relatively safe country when it comes to wildlife. The chances of being bitten or attacked by a wild animal here are quite low—but not impossible! However, there are other risks to consider, such as injuries, falls, or weather-related challenges. These dangers are universal and can strike anywhere, so it’s wise to prepare for them.

Preparation can range from carrying a basic first aid kit or a small survival kit to assembling a complete emergency pack, perhaps even storing one in your car. How far you take this depends on your mindset. If you think, “It won’t happen to me,” you may find yourself regretting it if the unexpected does occur.

Whenever I head out on my bike, I always bring a few essentials: a small first aid kit, compact bike tools, a flashlight, and my phone with navigation software and a two power banks of 5000mA . These items have proven invaluable on more than one occasion.

For instance, about a year ago, I sprained my ankle while photographing in a large forest—not that far from home, but I lost track of time and was caught off guard by nightfall. In the dark, it’s surprisingly easy to lose your sense of direction. Thankfully, a sturdy sports bandage, a strong reliable flashlight, and the navigation app on my phone helped me navigate my way out of a tricky and painful situation.

Once, I helped an elderly couple who were having trouble with one of their electric bikes on their way home. The chain had come off and gotten stuck, and they couldn’t get it loose. Fortunately, I happened to pass by, and with my small bike toolkit, I was able to disassemble parts of the bike and fix the problem.

Even if you don’t need your first aid kit and toolkit for yourself, they could come in handy to help someone else in need.

Below, you’ll find a detailed guide to help you assemble a kit that suits your needs.

Always Pack for Safety: Be Prepared for the Unexpected

Even the most serene outdoor photography session can turn unpredictable. Here’s how to ensure you stay safe and comfortable:

1. First Aid Kit Essentials

• Bandages and Plasters: For cuts, scrapes, or blisters from long hikes.
• Antiseptic Cream/Wipes: To clean wounds and prevent infection.
• Tweezers: For removing splinters, ticks, or thorns.
• Painkillers or Anti-inflammatory Tablets: For headaches, minor injuries, or aches.
• Allergy Medication: Antihistamines can be a lifesaver if you get stung by insects or react to plants.
• Sterile Gauze and Tape: For larger injuries.

2. Navigation and Communication

• GPS Device or Compass: Your phone’s GPS might fail in remote areas, so carry a physical backup.
• Map of the Area: Always have a printed map if you’re in unfamiliar terrain.
• Fully Charged Phone and Power Bank: Ensure your phone is charged, and bring a power bank for extended trips.
• Whistle: A whistle can be heard from far away and is an effective way to call for help if you’re lost or injured.

3. Emergency Food and Water

• Non-perishable Snacks: Carry calorie-dense items like protein bars, nuts, or dried fruits to sustain energy.
• Water Bottle and Filter: Always carry water and consider a portable filtration straw or tablets to purify water from natural sources if needed.

4. Survival Gear– Tools

• Flashlight or Headlamp: With extra batteries, for low-light conditions or if you’re out later than planned.
• Multi-tool/Knife/Repair Toolkit: Useful for small repairs, cutting, or even cooking-related needs – Repair toolkit depending on your means of transport such as car, motorcycle, (snow) scooter, bicycle
• Fire Starter or Waterproof Matches: Essential for warmth or signaling in case of emergencies.
• Emergency Blanket: Lightweight and compact, this can prevent hypothermia or provide extra warmth.

5. Proper Clothing for Safety

• Layered Clothing: Always dress for the weather, with waterproof outer layers for sudden rain.
• Sturdy, Waterproof Footwear: Protects against rough terrain and water exposure.
• Hat and Gloves: For sun protection or warmth in colder climates.
• Insect Repellent and Sunscreen: Avoid bites and protect your skin.

6. Situational Awareness

• Tell Someone Your Plan: Before you head out, inform someone about where you’re going and your expected return time.
• Understand Animal Behavior: Learn about the wildlife in the area to avoid encounters with dangerous species.
• Be Weather Ready: Check forecasts before you go and be prepared for sudden changes.

7. Trust Your Instincts and Know When to Leave

If you feel unsafe—whether because of terrain, weather, or wildlife—don’t push forward. It’s always better to come back another day.

Wildlife photography is as much about the experience as the result. Enjoying the outdoors, observing animal behavior, and learning patience are all part of the journey. Mastery comes with time and practice!